How to Clean an Air Conditioner
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Learning how to clean an air conditioner is critical, especially before summer gets into full swing and scorching hot days become the norm. During the summer, your air conditioner works overtime, especially if you like to keep cool by staying inside. And if you always want cool air blasting from your unit, you definitely need to keep your air conditioner clean.
Running a dirty air conditioner decreases its efficiency, can damage your entire system, and could also get you sick—so it’s critical to keep everything dust- and grime-free. Whether you have central air or a window unit, here’s how to clean an air conditioner like a professional. Plus, review some critical air conditioning maintenance tips and tricks from HVAC experts.
- Dave Mejean is the HVAC manager at B&W Plumbing and Heating Co., Inc.
- Brian Kleinschmidt is a home improvement expert and American Standard Heating & Air Conditioning partner.
- Mika Kleinschmidt is a home improvement expert and American Standard Heating & Air Conditioning partner.
- Giacomo Calzavara is the Managing Director of JMATEK North America, a licensee of Honeywell portable cooling products.
How Often to Clean an Air Conditioner
Air conditioning units need to be cleaned regularly. “I would recommend cleaning [a window AC unit] every two weeks,” says Giacomo Calzavara of JMATEK North America. As for a central AC unit, it’s a good idea to have a professional inspect and clean your system once a year. They can make sure the coolant levels are on target, check for leaks, and clean the coils.
While it’s best to clean your air conditioner at least once a year, there are signs you can look for that indicate it needs to be cleaned between annual washdowns. Dirty air conditioners not only affect the unit’s performance, they can also send pollutants and irritants into your home’s air, so keeping them clean is vital.
- Lack of cool air. If the air being blown out of the unit is not cold, that’s a massive sign that your AC needs maintenance. When the AC doesn’t work efficiently, you might be tempted to crank the thermostat down or let it run for longer; before you do that, try cleaning it so you don’t run up your electric bill.
- Unusual noises. Your air conditioner should not make noises other than a mechanical hum or the sound of the blower. If you hear a knocking or whirring or the unit sounds louder than usual, it may be time for a cleaning.
- An off smell. Your air conditioner should not be releasing any odor into the air. If you suddenly notice a musty, earthy, or burning smell, check your unit—it probably needs to be cleaned.
- Visual dirt. A significant sign that your AC needs a good cleaning is that it simply looks dirty. Yes, a certain amount of dirt will collect on the part of the unit that sits outside. However, if you notice dust or dirt on the fins, dirt in the runoff pan, or even mold, your AC needs to be cleaned.
- High energy bills. Noticed a sudden uptick in your electric bill? The cleanliness of your air conditioner might be to blame. Dirty ACs don’t function at their highest efficiency, which means they have to work harder, driving up energy bills.
Considerations Before You Get Started
There are two primary areas to focus on when cleaning an AC unit: filters and coils. Filters remove the dust from the air, and when they’re clogged, they force your AC unit to work harder. Coils help move the hot and cold air, so make sure they’re not clogged with dirt and dust.
“Companies like ours should come out and do the heavy maintenance on it, but in between, there are air conditioning maintenance tips people can follow themselves,” says Dave Mejean of B&W Plumbing and Heating. “It’s like a car: You have to have your mechanic tune it up, but there are still things you can do to make sure it’s running, too.”
For some air conditioning systems (like central AC), it’s best to have a professional HVAC contractor inspect the unit, check the ductwork, and ensure it’s operating efficiently.
Instructions
How to Clean a Window AC Unit With Mild Dish Soap
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Turn Off the Unit
Turn off the unit. For safety purposes, it’s always a good idea to turn off the power and unplug the cord before working on an electrical unit.
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Remove and Clean the Cover
- Depending on your unit, there will be a front cover that is fastened with tabs, knobs, or screws.
- Consult your air conditioner’s manual to confirm removing the front cover and opening your unit.
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Remove and Clean the Filter
- Find the filter, which is typically located in the front of the unit. Check your manual if you’re struggling to find it.
- Dust the filter with a cloth.
- Rinse it with lukewarm water and mild soap.
- Let the filter dry completely before placing it back in the unit.
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Locate and Clean the Coils
Most window air conditioners will have two sets of coils: the evaporator coils in front (inside) and the condenser coils in the back (outside).
- Brush away dirt from the coils with a soft brush or cloth.
- Clean away any additional dirt with a spray bottle filled with slightly soapy water.
- Try putting a little mild detergent or dish soap in the bottle if the debris is hard to remove—but not so much soap that it gets too sudsy.
- Dry with a clean cloth.
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Dry Thoroughly
Make sure all parts of the unit are dry. Then replace the front cover. Turn the unit back on.
How to Clean a Central AC Unit With a Hose and Water
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Turn Off Unit
Turn off your AC and locate the vent. Depending on the construction of your home, your central AC vent may be located on the walls, under windows, in the ceiling, or on the floor.
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Remove the Vent Cover
Depending on how your vent cover is secured, you may need to use a screwdriver to unscrew the cover or simply use push tabs to open it.
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Remove and Clean the Filter
You should find the filter right behind the vent cover.
- If you have a washable filter in your AC vent, follow the steps above (under How to Clean a Window AC Unit) to clean it.
- If you don’t have a reusable filter, simply swap out the old filter for a new one, making sure any arrows on the filter are facing the right direction.
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Turn off the Outdoor Unit
Cleaning the condenser unit outside is another important part of central AC maintenance. This typically only needs to be done once a year but may need to be done more often depending on the location of your unit and if it is prone to lots of debris.
“It’s important to keep the area surrounding [your condenser unit] clean and debris-free,” says Mika Kleinschmidt, home improvement expert. “A good rule of thumb is not to let any plants or other wildlife grow within a 2-foot radius of your air conditioner.”
Once you locate the condenser, turn it off. To do this, you must find the breaker switch outside—which is usually located under a flip-up lid near the condenser unit.
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Remove the Top of the Condenser Unit
After the top is removed, use a vacuum to remove any leaves, grass, dirt, or other debris in or around the unit.
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Spray Down Unit
With a hose, carefully spray down the unit to remove the remaining dirt, making sure not to get the electrical box wet. (Use a hose, not a power washer—as it can damage the fins.)
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Allow to Dry
Wait 30 – 60 minutes to let the condenser unit dry completely before turning it back on.
Seasonal Upkeep and Maintenance Tips
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Change the Filters
For central AC units, Mejean recommends checking the filter every 30 to 60 days to see if it’s dirty or dusty. Lifestyle makes a big difference since people who have kids or pets might have to change it every month, while those who don’t have too many visitors or animals might only need to swap it out every two to three months.
“We often tell our clients that simple preventative measures like this can take just minutes to do but can help ensure your system is working efficiently and can help save money in the long run,” home improvement expert Brian Kleinschmidt says.
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Remove Blockages
Make sure nothing is blocking the unit. “Airflow is so critical to cooling systems, so make sure there aren’t any beds, dressers, clothes, books, or other items blocking the unit vents,” Mejean says. For your central air conditioner’s outdoor unit, Mejean suggests leaving at least a 12-inch clearance around it.
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Regularly Check for Common Issues
Constantly check for common problems like weak airflow, icy coils, and leakages in all types of units. They could indicate either a blockage in your air conditioner or a clogged filter.
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Know When to Call a Pro
Central air systems can be complicated. “If your air conditioner or other HVAC system can’t maintain consistent temperatures, a technician is the best person to investigate the issue,” Brian Kleinschmidt says. “If your utility bills increase but your overall usage remains the same, one or more components of your system may not be working as they should.”
Mika Kleinschmidt also suggests listening closely for any strange noises when your system starts. “If you hear any, call a technician to inspect the problem more closely,” she says.
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