The symptom network of internet gaming addiction, depression, and anxiety among children and adolescents
Chen, K. H., Oliffe, J. L. & Kelly, M. T. Internet gaming disorder: an emergent health issue for men. Am. J. Mens Health. 12, 1151–1159. (2018).
Google Scholar
Ahmed, G. K., Abdalla, A. A., Mohamed, A. M. & Mohamed, L. A. Relation between internet gaming addiction and comorbid psychiatric disorders and emotion avoidance among adolescents: a cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Res. 312, 114584. (2022).
Google Scholar
Kim, D., Nam, J. K. & Keum, C. Adolescent internet gaming addiction and personality characteristics by game genre. PLoS One. 17, e0263645. (2022).
Google Scholar
Putra, P. Y., Fithriyah, I. & Zahra, Z. Internet addiction and online gaming disorder in children and adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. Psychiat Invest. 20, 196. (2023).
Google Scholar
Leung, L. Net-generation attributes and seductive properties of the internet as predictors of online activities and internet addiction. Cyberpsychol Behav. 7, 333–348. (2004).
Google Scholar
Rodríguez, M. R. & Padilla, F. M. G. The use of video games in adolescents. A Public Health problema. Enfermería Global. 20, 575–591. (2021).
Google Scholar
Yang, Y., Ma, Y., Zhou, R., Ji, T. & Hou, C. Internet gaming addiction among children and adolescents with non-suicidal self-Injury: a network perspective. J. Affect. Disord Rep. 14, 100609. (2023).
Google Scholar
Yu, C., Li, X. & Zhang, W. Predicting adolescent problematic online game use from teacher autonomy support, basic psychological needs satisfaction, and school engagement: a 2-year longitudinal study. Cyberpsychol Behav. Soc. Netw. 18, 228–233. (2015).
Google Scholar
Milani, L. et al. Internet gaming addiction in adolescence: risk factors and maladjustment correlates. Int. J. Ment Health Addict. 16, 888–904. (2018).
Google Scholar
Wartberg, L., Kriston, L., Zieglmeier, M., Lincoln, T. & Kammerl, R. A longitudinal study on psychosocial causes and consequences of internet gaming disorder in adolescence. Psychol. Med. 49, 287–294. (2019).
Google Scholar
Alimoradi, Z., Lotfi, A., Lin, C. Y., Griffiths, M. D. & Pakpour, A. H. Estimation of behavioral addiction prevalence during COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr. Addict. Rep. 9, 486–517. (2022).
Google Scholar
Kuss, D. J. & Griffiths, M. D. Internet gaming addiction: a systematic review of empirical research. Int. J. Ment Health Ad. 10, 278–296. (2012).
Google Scholar
Spekman, M. L., Konijn, E. A., Roelofsma, P. H. & Griffiths, M. D. Gaming addiction, definition and measurement: a large-scale empirical study. Comput. Hum. Behav. 29, 2150–2155. (2013).
Google Scholar
Rosendo-Rios, V., Trott, S. & Shukla, P. Systematic literature review online gaming addiction among children and young adults: a framework and research agenda. Addict. Behav. 129, 107238. (2022).
Google Scholar
Griffiths, M. D. Conceptual issues concerning internet addiction and internet gaming disorder: Further critique on Ryding and Kaye Int. J. Ment. Health Ad. 16, 233–239. (2017). (2018).
Shaffer, H. J., Tom, M. A., Wiley, R. C., Wong, M. F., Chan, E. M., Cheng, G. L., … & Lee, M. Using the Syndrome Model of Addiction: A preliminary consideration of psychological states and traits. Int J Ment Health Ad. 16, 1373–1393. (2018).
Kaptsis, D., King, D. L., Delfabbro, P. H. & Gradisar, M. Withdrawal symptoms in internet gaming disorder: a systematic review. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 43, 58–66. (2016).
Google Scholar
Griffiths, M. A ‘components’ model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework. J. Subst. Use. 10, 191–197. (2005).
Google Scholar
King, D. L., Haagsma, M. C., Delfabbro, P. H., Gradisar, M. & Griffiths, M. D. Toward a consensus definition of pathological video-gaming: a systematic review of psychometric assessment tools. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 33, 331–342. (2013).
Google Scholar
Przybylski, A. K., Weinstein, N. & Murayama, K. Internet gaming disorder: investigating the clinical relevance of a new phenomenon. Am. J. Psychiat. 174, 230–236. (2017).
Google Scholar
Ko, C. H., Yen, J. Y., Chen, C. C., Chen, S. H. & Yen, C. F. Gender differences and related factors affecting online gaming addiction among Taiwanese adolescents. J. Nerv. Ment Dis. 193, 273–277. (2005).
Google Scholar
Meng, S. Q., Cheng, J. L., Li, Y. Y., Yang, X. Q., Zheng, J. W., Chang, X. W., … & Shi, J. Global prevalence of digital addiction in general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 92, 102128. (2022).
Su, W., Han, X., Yu, H., Wu, Y. & Potenza, M. N. Do men become addicted to internet gaming and women to social media? A meta-analysis examining gender-related differences in specific internet addiction. Comput. Hum. Behav. 113, 106480. (2020).
Google Scholar
Zhou, W. et al. Sex difference in neural responses to gaming cues in internet gaming disorder: implications for why males are more vulnerable to cue-induced cravings than females. Neurosci. Lett. 760, 136001. (2021).
Google Scholar
Sugaya, N., Shirasaka, T., Takahashi, K. & Kanda, H. Bio-psychosocial factors of children and adolescents with internet gaming disorder: a systematic review. Biopsychosoc. Med. 13, 1–16. (2019).
Google Scholar
Munno, D., Saroldi, M., Bechon, E., Sterpone, S. C. M. & Zullo, G. Addictive behaviors and personality traits in adolescents. CNS Spectr. 21, 207–213. (2016).
Google Scholar
Xin, M. et al. Online activities, prevalence of internet addiction and risk factors related to family and school among adolescents in China. Addict. Behav. Rep. 7, 14–18. (2018).
Google Scholar
Kardefelt-Winther, D. A conceptual and methodological critique of internet addiction research: towards a model of compensatory internet use. Comput. Hum. Behav. 31, 351–354. (2014).
Google Scholar
Brand, M., Young, K. S., Laier, C., Wlfling, K. & Potenza, M. N. Integrating psychological and neurobiological considerations regarding the development and maintenance of specific internet-use disorders: an Interaction of person-affect-cognition-execution (I-PACE) model. Neurosci. Biobehav Rev. 71, 252–266. (2016).
Google Scholar
Melodia, F., Canale, N. & Griffiths, M. D. The role of avoidance coping and escape motives in problematic online gaming: a systematic literature review. Int. J. Ment Health Addict. 20, 996–1022. (2020).
Google Scholar
Liu, L., Yao, Y. W., Li, C. S. R., Zhang, J. T., Xia, C. C., Lan, J., … & Fang, X. Y. The comorbidity between internet gaming disorder and depression: Interrelationship and neural mechanisms. Front. Psychiatry 9, 154. (2018).
Ostinelli, E. G., Zangani, C., Giordano, B., Maestri, D., Gambini, O., D’Agostino, A., … & Purgato, M. Depressive symptoms and depression in individuals with internet gaming disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Affect. Disorders 284, 136–142. (2021).
Gioia, F., Colella, G. M. & Boursier, V. Evidence on problematic online gaming and social anxiety over the past ten years: a systematic literature review. Curr. Addict. Rep. 9, 32–47. (2022).
Google Scholar
Mehroof, M. & Griffiths, M. D. Online gaming addiction: the role of sensation seeking, self-control, neuroticism, aggression, state anxiety, and trait anxiety. Cyberpsych Beh Soc. N. 13, 313–316. (2010).
Google Scholar
Fava, M. et al. Anxiety disorders in major depression. Compr. Psychiatry. 41, 97–102. (2000).
Google Scholar
Kalin, N. H. The critical relationship between anxiety and depression. Am. J. Psychiatry. 177, 365–367. (2020).
Google Scholar
Mathew, A. R., Pettit, J. W., Lewinsohn, P. M., Seeley, J. R. & Roberts, R. E. Co-morbidity between major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders: shared etiology or direct causation? Psychol. Med. 41, 2023–2034. (2011).
Google Scholar
Mehareen, J., Rahman, M. A., Dhira, T. A. & Sarker, A. R. Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of depression, anxiety, and co-morbidity during COVID-19: a cross-sectional study among public and private university students of Bangladesh. J. Affect. Disord Rep. 5, 100179. (2021).
Google Scholar
Wilson, R. S., Yung, A. R. & Morrison, A. P. Comorbidity rates of depression and anxiety in first episode psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Res. 216, 322–329. (2020).
Google Scholar
Gao, W., Ping, S. & Liu, X. Gender differences in depression, anxiety, and stress among college students: a longitudinal study from China. J. Affect. Disorders. 263, 292–300. (2020).
Google Scholar
Leach, L. S., Christensen, H., Mackinnon, A. J., Windsor, T. D. & Butterworth, P. Gender differences in depression and anxiety across the adult lifespan: the role of psychosocial mediators. Soc. Psych Psych Epid. 43, 983–998. (2008).
Google Scholar
McElroy, E., Fearon, P., Belsky, J., Fonagy, P. & Patalay, P. Networks of depression and anxiety symptoms across development. J. Am. Acad. Child. Psy. 57, 964–973. (2018).
Google Scholar
Epskamp, S., Borsboom, D. & Fried, E. I. Estimating psychological networks and their accuracy: a tutorial paper. Behav. Res. Methods. 50, 195–212. (2018).
Google Scholar
Hevey, D. Network analysis: a brief overview and tutorial. Health Psychol. Behav. 6, 301–328. (2018).
Google Scholar
Borsboom, D. & Cramer, A. O. Network analysis: an integrative approach to the structure of psychopathology. Annu. Rev. Clin. Psycho. 9, 91–121. (2013).
Google Scholar
Sit, H. F. et al. Symptoms of internet gaming disorder and depression in Chinese adolescents: a network analysis. Psychiat Res. 322, 115097. (2023).
Google Scholar
Yuan, G. F. et al. Gaming to cope: applying network analysis to understand the relationship between posttraumatic stress symptoms and internet gaming disorder symptoms among disaster-exposed Chinese young adults. Addict. Behav. 124, 107096. (2022).
Google Scholar
Lin, S. et al. The association between parental psychological control, deviant peer affiliation, and internet gaming disorder among Chinese adolescents: a two-year longitudinal study. Int. J. Env Res. Pub He. 17, 8197. (2020).
Google Scholar
Zhao, H., Li, X., Zhou, J., Nie, Q. & Zhou, J. The relationship between bullying victimization and online game addiction among Chinese early adolescents: the potential role of meaning in life and gender differences. Child. Youth Serv. Rev. 116, 105261. (2020).
Google Scholar
Lovibond, P. F. & Lovibond, S. H. The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the Depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and anxiety inventories. Behav. Res. Ther. 33, 335–343. (1995).
Google Scholar
Chan, R. C. et al. Extending the utility of the Depression anxiety stress scale by examining its psychometric properties in Chinese settings. Psychiat Res. 200, 879–883. (2012).
Google Scholar
Mullarkey, M. C., Marchetti, I. & Beevers, C. G. Using network analysis to identify central symptoms of adolescent depression. J. Clin. Child. Adolesc. Psychol. 48, 656–668. (2019).
Google Scholar
King, D. L., Herd, M. C. & Delfabbro, P. H. Motivational components of tolerance in internet gaming disorder. Comput. Hum. Behav. 78, 133–141. (2018).
Google Scholar
Baker, T. B., Piper, M. E., McCarthy, D. E., Majeskie, M. R. & Fiore, M. C. Addiction motivation reformulated: an affective processing model of negative reinforcement. Psychol. Rev. 111, 33–51. (2004).
Google Scholar
Choi, E. J. et al. Gaming-addicted teens identify more with their cyber-self than their own self: neural evidence. Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging. 279, 51–59. (2018).
Google Scholar
Cai, H., Xi, H. T., An, F., Wang, Z., Han, L., Liu, S., … Xiang, Y. T. The association between internet addiction and anxiety in nursing students: a network analysis. Front.Psychiatr. 12, 723355. (2021).
McElroy, E., Napoleone, E., Wolpert, M. & Patalay, P. Structure and connectivity of depressive symptom networks corresponding to early treatment response. EClinicalMedicine 8, 29–36. (2019).
Google Scholar
Chen, C., Dai, S., Shi, L., Shen, Y. & Ou, J. Associations between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and internet gaming disorder symptoms mediated by depressive symptoms and hopelessness among college students. Neuropsychiatr Dis. Treat. 2775–2782. (2021).
Wu, Y. Q., Liu, F., Chan, K. Q., Wang, N. X., Zhao, S., Sun, X., … & Wang, Z. J. Childhood psychological maltreatment and internet gaming addiction in Chinese adolescents: Mediation roles of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and psychosocial problems. Child Abuse Neglect 129, 105669. (2022).
Barrett, P. & Turner, C. Prevention of anxiety symptoms in primary school children: preliminary results from a universal school-based trial. Brit J. Clin. Psychol. 40, 399–410. (2001).
Google Scholar
Stevens, M. W., King, D. L., Dorstyn, D. & Delfabbro, P. H. Cognitive–behavioral therapy for internet gaming disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin. Psychol. Psychot. 26, 191–203. (2019).
Google Scholar
Lindenberg, K., Kindt, S. & Szász-Janocha, C. Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy–based intervention in preventing gaming disorder and unspecified internet use disorder in adolescents: a cluster randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw. Open. 5, e2148995–e2148995. (2022).
Google Scholar
Jackson, S. B., Stevenson, K. T., Larson, L. R., Peterson, M. N. & Seekamp, E. Outdoor activity participation improves adolescents’ mental health and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int. J. Env Res. Pub He. 18, 2506. (2021).
Google Scholar
Moeijes, J., van Busschbach, J. T., Bosscher, R. J. & Twisk, J. W. Sports participation and psychosocial health: a longitudinal observational study in children. Bmc Public. Health. 18, 1–11. (2018).
Google Scholar
Butler, N. et al. The contributing role of family, school, and peer supportive relationships in protecting the mental wellbeing of children and adolescents. Sch. Ment Health. 14, 776–788. (2022).
Google Scholar
link